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Egypt
Egypt
 
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Capital: Cairo
Area size: 995450 sq. km Slightly smaller than Scandinavia
Time zone: GMT +2
Currency: Egyptian pound
Area code: (+) 20
Driving: Right
Climate description: Apart from the Mediterranean, the climate is nearly entirely desert. The most unpleasant weather occurs between March and early June, when there are often dust storms. Intense summer heat but bearable by low humidity; winters dry and sunny.
 

People
Standard of living
Economy & aid
Health
Disasters, conflict & migration
Language
Arabic is the official language. English and French are used by an educated elite, while Nobiin, Berber and Coptic are also spoken.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population
2007 74.7 million U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006 73.8 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2005 72.8 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2004 71.6 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2003 70.3 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2002 69.0 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2001 67.8 million U.N. DESA (2006)
2000 66.5 million U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
108.8 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2006)

Ethnic groups
Most Egyptians are Semitic-Hamitic in origin, though there is a nomadic Bedouin minority in the east and Nubians in the Upper Nile region.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Mostly Sunni Islam, with Orthodox Copts (under 10 percent) and other Christian minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population
2007 43.1 percent U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006 42.9 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2005 42.8 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2004 42.7 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2003 42.6 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2002 42.5 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2001 42.5 percent U.N. DESA (2005)
2000 42.5 percent U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1956
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2006)

Percentage of population under 15
2005 33.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 33.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 34.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 35.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 35.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 35.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002


Average life expectancy
2005 70.7 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 70.2 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 69.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 68.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 68.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 67.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male
2005 68.5 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 68.0 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 67.7 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 66.6 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 66.3 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 65.7 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female
2005 73.0 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 72.4 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 72.1 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 70.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 70.4 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 68.8 years UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality
2006 29 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005 28 per 1,000 live births U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004 26 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 33 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 35 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 35 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 37 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
2006 35 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005 33 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004 36 per 1,000 live births UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 39 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 41 per 1,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Births attended by skilled personnel
1997-2005 74 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004 69 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003 69 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002 61 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001 61 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000 61 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality
2005 130 per 100,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000 84 per 100,000 live births UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)
2005 112 UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 111 UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 119 UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 120 UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 120 UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 115 UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
2000-2006 6 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005 6 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004 9 percent UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003 9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002 11 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2000 12 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population
2002-2004 average 4 percent U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average 3 percent FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.
Population with access to improved water
2004 98 percent UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002 98 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000 97 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation
2004 70 percent UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002 68 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000 98 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average
2004 71.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 55.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001 56.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 55.3 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male
2004 83.0 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 67.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001 67.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 66.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female
2004 59.4 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 43.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001 44.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 43.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones
2006 143 per 1,000 people International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2007
2005 146 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2004 135 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2003 127 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2002 115 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2001 104 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2000 86 per 1,000 people ITU 2007

Cellular telephone subscribers
2006 239 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2005 191 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2004 109 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2003 85 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2002 67 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2001 43 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2000 21 per 1,000 people ITU 2007

Internet users
2006 80 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2005 72 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2004 56 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2003 44 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2002 28 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2001 9 per 1,000 people ITU 2007
2000 7 per 1,000 people ITU 2007

Transparency International corruption ranking (1=least corrupt, 179=most corrupt)
2007 105 (joint) Transparency International 2007
2006 70 (joint) Transparency International
2005 70 (joint) Transparency International
2004 77 (joint) Transparency International
2003 70 (joint) Transparency International
2002 62 (joint) Transparency International
2001 54 (joint) Transparency International
2000 63 (joint) Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

International humanitarian aid flows
Access the Financial Tracking Service, a global real-time database which records all reported humanitarian aid - including that for NGOs, the Red Cross/Crescent Movement, bilateral aid, in-kind aid and private donations - searchable by country.
Source: Financial Tracking Service, ReliefWeb

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
1990-2005 3.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004 3.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003 3.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1990-2002 3.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2001 3.1 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method
2006 1360  current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005 1270 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004 1270 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003 1330 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002 1420 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001 1480 current US$ WorldBankDataProfileTables2008
2000 1460 current US$ World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country’s exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.
GDP
2006 107.5 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005 89.7 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004 78.8 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003 82.9 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002 87.9 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001 97.6 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000 99.8 current US$ billions World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual GDP growth
2005 4.9 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2004 4.2 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2003 3.1 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2002 3.2 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2001 3.5 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2000 5.4 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007

Annual inflation
2005 5.4 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2004 11.6 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2003 6.9 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2002 2.4 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2001 1.9 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007
2000 4.9 percent World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
3.7 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
29.5 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Physicians
2000-2004 54 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004 54 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003 218 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002 218 per 100,000 people UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
2005 <0.1 percent U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2006
2003 <0.1 percent UNAIDS 2006

Malaria
Limited risk from P.falciparum and P.vivax. Risk may exist from June through October in El Faiyum governorate, although no indigenous cases reported since 1998.
Source: WHO

TB cases
2006 24 per 100,000 people WHO 2008
2005 25 per 100,000 people WHO 2008
2004 26 per 100,000 people WHO 2008
2003 28 per 100,000 people WHO 2008
2002 29 per 100,000 people WHO 2008
2001 30 per 100,000 people WHO 2008
2000 31 per 100,000 people WHO 2008

Chronology of natural disasters
Access EM-DAT, a database of natural disasters from 1900 to the present - death tolls and numbers of affected people - searchable by country.
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium

Number of refugees originating here
2006 7613 Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005 6291 UNHCR
2004 5376 UNHCR
2003 5735 UNHCR
2002 6443 UNHCR
2001 4678 UNHCR
2000 3953 UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here
2006 88022 UNHCR
2005 88946 UNHCR
2004 90343 UNHCR
2003 88749 UNHCR
2002 80494 UNHCR
2001 7230 UNHCR
2000 6840 UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
No data available

Landmine casualties per year
2004 10 Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003 7 Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
No
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military
2005 2.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004 2.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003 2.6 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 2.7 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Percentage of GDP spent on education
No data available percent

Percentage of GDP spent on health
2004 2.2 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004 2.5 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002 1.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001 1.9 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000 1.8 percent UNDP - Human Development Report 2003


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